Europe between the U.S. and China: Berlin, Paris, and “Physical AI”
Across Europe, November was marked by efforts to secure its own trajectory in the race for embodied AI — artificial intelligence that not only computes but acts in the physical world. Berlin hosted the European Humanoid Robots Summit, turning the city for several days into a meeting point for the global community of humanoid developers, mechatronics engineers, and creators of virtual robot-training platforms. Paris closed the month with the Robotics-2025 conference, where the question was no longer “Do we need humanoids?” but rather “How do we integrate them into warehouses, workshops, and service professions without breaking existing processes and safety standards?”

